王菲菲

Vivien Wang

澳大利亞多元文化 ； 族群 ； 公共廣電機構 ； 原住民

Australian multiculturalism ； ethnic group ； public service broadcaster ； indigenous people

澳大利亞多元文化廣電組織Special Broadcasting Service(SBS)的出現，與澳大利亞人口政策的變動息息相關。SBS的發展運作過程，正是經由廣電機構不斷定義「澳大利亞多元文化」(Australian multiculturalism)的過程。本文從孕育澳大利亞族群傳播的政策環境談起，再導入SBS發展歷程，討論SBS如何在有限的財務支援、激烈競爭的廣電環境下生存，並提供澳大利亞觀眾創新多元的服務。除了是廣電機構、多元文化旗艦機構之外，SBS也已成為澳大利亞文化政策與廣電政策的接榫，電視部的SBS Independent (SBSi)今日已是澳大利亞獨立製片影視產製的重要經費補助單位，並據有策略位置。一片榮景之中，SBS的經營運作有其隱憂：多元文化的定義如何妥善掌握，對此概念的實踐過程中，族群團體遊說，原住民的參與程度，都對SBS的多元文化定義有所影響。

The creation of the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) was closely related to Australia's population policy. Through its operation and practices, the SBS has been working to define, fertilise and enrich the notion of 'multiculturalism'. Initially, the SBS aimed to represent and voice the ethnic groups. Now, it has become the bridge to a wider, different world, which has not been well provided by other electronic media in Australia. All Australians can have access to the service of SBS. This paper looks at the development of SBS. It focuses on the SBS's innovative practice for niche establishment and for its becoming the strategic site of Australian independent filmmaking. This paper aims to show that the changing notion of 'multiculturalism' may create challenges for the broadcaster to fulfill its Charter responsibilities.